Roman Numeral Converter
Turn numbers into Roman numerals and back again.
The seven letters
Roman numerals use I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500 and M = 1,000. Letters are usually written from largest to smallest and added together: VIII = 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 8.
The subtraction rule
When a smaller letter comes before a larger one, subtract it: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400 and CM = 900. Only I, X and C can be used this way.
Examples
2024 is MMXXIV (1000 + 1000 + 10 + 10 + 4), and MCMXCIV is 1994. Standard Roman numerals stop at 3,999, because the usual letters have no symbol for 5,000.
Frequently asked questions
Why is IIII not accepted?
The standard form writes 4 as IV. Some clock faces use IIII, but it is not the standard form used here.
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No. The Romans had no symbol for zero.
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